- Provide a link to your Chrome Web Store item.
- Write some script to check for whatever client-side capabilities your app requires (support for WebGL, the Web Audio API, etc). Modernizr is a great library to use for this.
- Call a JavaScript function to initiate the install process.
The user sees the same Add To Chrome dialog prompt that they would on the store, confirm the install, and they're done – all without leaving your site.